Scrambling out of a control clause in Japanese: An argument against the Movement Theory of Control

In this paper, I provide a set of data which is problematic for the movement theory of control (MTC) where claims that the distribution of Obligatory Control (OC) PROs is assimilated to that of NP-traces (cf., e.g., Hornstein 1999, 2001, 2003, Boeckx and Hornstein 2003, 2004, 2006). We observe Takano (2009) and Fujii (2006) which are captured under the MTC. Then I will show the problematic data for Takano (2009), and hence I propose that the MTC is problematic in Japanese. Instead, I propose an alternative analysis of control, an Equi NP Deletion analysis (cf., e.g., Rosenbaum 1967). This analysis can capture the problematic data for the MTC. Therefore, the Equi analysis is superior to the MTC empirically.