Delli Carpini, Michael XWilliams, Bruce A2023-05-222023-05-2219932008-01-14https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/1861The struggle for political power has been long and difficult for women in the United States. The barriers to participation in politics have been both legal and cultural, overt and subtle. In colonial America there were few direct limits on women's participation. However, the combination of franchise restrictions based on property ownership and the overwhelming propensity for property to be held in a man's name meant that few women participated in electoral politics as either voters or officeholders.Article