Alexander, Gareth P.Chen, Bryan Gin-geKamien, RandallMatsumoto, Elisabetta A2023-05-232023-05-232012-06-012012-06-28https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/42950The homotopy theory of topological defects is a powerful tool for organizing and unifying many ideas across a broad range of physical systems. Recently, experimental progress was made in controlling and measuring colloidal inclusions in liquid crystalline phases. The topological structure of these systems is quite rich but, at the same time, subtle. Motivated by experiment and the power of topological reasoning, the classification of defects in uniaxial nematic liquid crystals was reviewed and expounded upon. Particular attention was paid to the ambiguities that arise in these systems, which have no counterpart in the much-storied XY model or the Heisenberg ferromagnet.Physical Sciences and MathematicsPhysicsArticle