Xu, FanxingZhang, ChenyingGraves, Dana T2023-05-222023-05-222013-01-012015-03-31https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/8857Impaired diabetic wound healing constitutes a major health problem. The impaired healing is caused by complex factors such as abnormal keratinocyte and fibroblast migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, abnormal macrophage polarization, impaired recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and decreased vascularization. Diabetes-enhanced and prolonged expression of TNF-α also contributes to impaired healing. In this paper, we discuss the abnormal cell responses in diabetic wound healing and the contribution of TNF-α.Copyright © 2013 Fanxing Xu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).AnimalsCell DifferentiationCell ProliferationDiabetes MellitusFibroblastsGene Expression RegulationHumansKeratinocytesMacrophagesMesenchymal Stromal CellsTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaWound HealingEndocrinology, Diabetes, and MetabolismArticle