Marvin, Carolyn2023-05-222023-05-222013-01-012019-03-11Marvin, C. (2013). Left Behind: End Times for a Media Technology Paradigm in International Encyclopedia of Media Studies, Vol. I (pp. 1-20). Wiley Blackwell. doi: 10.1002/9781444361506.wbiems003https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/2289This chapter examines the work of the media “structuralists” of the so‐called Canadian or Toronto school of media studies: Harold Adams Innis, Marshall McLuhan, and Walter J. Ong, especially. Their work is placed within its historical context, both in terms of scholarly ancestry and in terms of its reception in North American universities and especially in schools of journalism. A critical assessment of the work of these scholars as media history is offered, recognizing its shortcomings as historical narrative but also its appeal as a way of understanding the influence of media forms.This article has been published in final form at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/9781444361506.wbiems003. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with the Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving found at https://authorservices.wiley.com/author-resources/Journal-Authors/licensing/self-archiving.html.CommunicationSocial and Behavioral SciencesOther