Armstrong, J. Scott2023-05-222023-05-221986-03-012006-06-17https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/39394In Armstrong (1982a), I examined alternative explanations to the empirical findings that supported the use of formal planning. In considering the possibility that researcher bias might lead to such results, I used Terpstra’s (1981) evaluation scheme. Based on this test, poor methodology did not seem responsible for the conclusions on the value of formal planning.Article