Lee, Su-MinZhang, QunzhouLe, Anh D2023-05-222023-05-222014-03-012022-06-15https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/9246In recent years, stem cell research in dentistry has grown rapidly with the potential application for oral and maxillofacial tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the oral and maxillofacial region are easy to access, have a high proliferation rate, multipotency, and potent immunomodulatory functions. They are excellent cell sources not only for stem cell-based therapy of dental and craniofacial diseases, but also with the potential for the treatment of other inflammatory diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of different types of MSCs that have been isolated and characterized from several origins such as dental pulp, exfoliated deciduous teeth, the periodontal ligament, the dental follicle, the dental papilla, oral mucosa, and gingiva, with the focus on the potential clinical applications for each type of dental stem cell. © 2014, Springer International Publishing AG.DFSCs Dental Follicle Stem CellsDPSCs Dental Pulp Stem CellsDSCs Dental Stem CellsGMSCs Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal CellsImmunomodulationInflammatory DiseaseMSCs Mesenchymal Stem CellsMultipotencyPDLSCs Periodontal Ligament Stem CellsSCAP Stem Cells From Root Apical PapillaSHED Stem Cells From Human Exfoliated Deciduous TeethDentistryEndodontics and EndodontologyOral and Maxillofacial SurgeryOral Biology and Oral PathologyReview