Lowe, Robert A2023-05-222023-05-222001-04-202016-12-09https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/38140A number of national initiatives have focused attention on persistent racial and ethnic disparities in health and health care. The rising tide of improvements in health has not raised all boats; in some cases, the health gap between whites and minorities has widened. Although many social and economic forces contribute to this gap, inequitable access to health care also plays a part. This Issue Brief examines a common strategy that managed care organizations use to reduce emergency department visits—gatekeeping—and describes a study of the differential impact it may have on African Americans.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/Brief