Armstrong, J. ScottOverton, Terry S2023-05-222023-05-221977-08-012006-06-17https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/39328Valid predictions for the direction of nonresponse bias were obtained from subjective estimates and extrapolations in an analysis of mail survey data from published studies. For estimates of the magnitude of bias, the use of extrapolations led to substantial improvements over a strategy of not using extrapolations.Article